A pneumatic knee joint is a type of artificial knee joint that uses compressed air to assist with movement and support. it use in above knee prosthesis . feature :- Dynamic Movement: Pneumatic systems allow for smooth and adaptive movements, mimicking natural knee motion. A typical pneumatic cylinder consists of a cylinder barrel, a piston, seals, and end caps. It may also include ports for air input and output. Compressed air is introduced into the cylinder through an inlet port. This air is typically generated by an air compressor. As the compressed air enters the cylinder, it pushes against the piston. This pressure causes the piston to move in one direction (extend or retract) depending on the configuration of the cylinder. When the piston reaches the end of its stroke, the air can be vented out through an exhaust port, allowing the piston to return to its original position. This can happen either automatically or through a control system. The motion can be controlled using valves that regulate the flow of air into and out of the cylinder, allowing for precise control of the piston’s movement. Lightweight Design: Pneumatic components can be lighter than traditional mechanical parts, improving comfort for the user. Shock Absorption: The system can absorb impact, reducing stress on other joints and enhancing overall mobility.

Carbon Fibre AFO  Carbon fiber will provide more energy return. Carbon fiber may be made stiffer and stronger. Carbon fiber AFOs can be made lower profile. There is a weight saving over plastic variants.  One of the main reasons is that they are half the weight of traditional materials. For many patients, this makes a tremendous difference in their ability to go about daily tasks.  Studies have also found that carbon fiber helps to store energy from movement, creating a spring-like action, making forward movement that much easier. This is especially helpful for those with “drop foot”. The calf muscle even gains muscle mass from improved function in some patients.

AFO WITHOUT JOINT:  Ankle foot orthoses AFOs are external biomechanical devices utilized on lower limbs to stabilize the joints, improve the gait and physical functioning of the affected lower limb. AFO is used as supportive devices and aid for ambulation through different gait stages by providing foot clearance, used to limit or assist ankle and foot ROM like; dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, improve balance, decrease the risk of falling, help with weak musculature of lower legs, and to return to previous activity or facilitate patient mobility.  They are found in different types and different materials and can be modified according to the use and the development of the person if it is used for children. They made from thermoformed plastic material that enables to add modification and adjustments. AFOs are used as night splints to prevent contractures in some cases, patients with stroke, and other neurological conditions such as SCI and children with cerebral palsy.